Tellurian



T. MODONOUG'H. Tellurian.

No 234,050. Patented Nov. 2, 1880.

INVENTOH:

N. PETERS, PHQTO-LITNOGRAFHER. WASHINGTON. D C.

@PATENT OFFICE.

THOMAS MODONOUGH,

TELL

OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

URIAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 234,050, dated November2, 1880. Application filed August 14, 1879.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, THOMAS McDoNoUcH, ofChicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Tellurians, of which thefollowing, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is avspecification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of an apparatus embodyingmy invention; Fig. 2, a vertical central section thereof 5 Fig. 3, asection in the plane of the line cc :0 of Fig. l, viewed in thedirection of the arrow there shown, and Fig. 4 a section in the plane ofthe line 3 y of Fig. 3.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts.

A represents a standard for supporting my improved apparatus, and B is aspur-wheel mounted rigidly thereon. C is ahorizontal arm turning freelyat one end on the standard A.

D D are spur-wheels on the arm C, a being the first in the seriesforming the train and a the last. All the wheels D D engage each otherin succession, as is usual in trains of gearing of this class, and as isclearly indicated in Figs. 2 and 3.

E is a plate rigidly applied to the lower face of the arm 0, and F is avertical post rigidly connected to the plate E. This rigidity of thepost F may be made to result by squaring the said post near its lowerend, passing it through a correspondingly-formed opening in the plate F,and then clamping both together by means of a nut, b, as indicated bythe detail view shown in proximity to Fig. .6.

G is a sleeve on the post F, and H is a spurwheel rigidly applied to thelower end of the i said sleeve, the plate E serving as a collar tosupport the gear H and its sleeve. 1 is a gear rigidly applied to theupper part of the post F.

The gear a engages the gear B and the gear a engages the gear H. J is ahorizontal arm rigidly applied to the upper end of the sleeve G. K is avertical post or shaft passing freely through the outer end of the armJ, and c is a collar to support it there. L is a beveled gear or pinionrigidly applied to the lower end of the shaft K. M is a sleeve on thearm J, and N and N are beveled gears rigidly ap plied to the ends of thesleeve M, and engaging thegears I and L respectively.

0 is a vertical arm or post on or near one end of the arm J. The post 0may consist of one or more parts and be bent or set at an inclination,as indicated at Fig. 4, to represent the axis of the earth, and P is aglobe representing the earth, the inclination of the part 0 being suchas to give a proper position to those parts of the globe P indicating orrepresenting the poles of the earth, it being understood that the saidglobe is mounted on the part 0. It is not essential, however, that theglobe 1? should be mounted on the part 0 precisely as shown, for thedesired result-viz., the inclination of the axis always in or nearly inthe same direction during the orbital movements of the earth-will followif the lower vertical part of the post 0 enters the globe P, the latterbeing so set thereon as to properly represent the position of the poles,as will hereinafter more fully appear.

Q is a small globe representing the moon, and mounted on the upper endof the post or shaft K, and made sufficiently rigid thereon to berotated therewith.

R is a reflector representing the sun. This reflector is mounted on ahub, 61, on the arm C, the said hub being arranged to receive thestandard A, so that the reflector will always occupya central, or nearlycentral, position in the larger orbits described by the globesrepresenting the earth and moon, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

When a reflector is not desired a globe may be mounted directly on thestandard A, as indicated in Fig. 1, or else extend directly above thesame. The only object in applying a reflector to a hub, d, on the arm Cis that the concave or bright face of the reflector may be always in thedirection of the globes representing the earth and moon; but when aglobe is employed instead of a reflector it is not essential that theglobe should be rotated; but, as its relative position would not bematerially changed by rotation when centrally arranged, it is immaterialwhether it be rotated or not.

I deem it best, for the purpose hereinafter explained, to darkenone-half the surface of the globe Q, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2.

It will be perceived from the foregoing description and from referenceto the drawings that the arm C turns pivotally at one end on thestandard A, and hence that the opposite end of the said arm moves in acomparatively large circuit or orbit about a point where an objectrepresenting the sun is arranged. It will also be perceived that theglobes P and Q, representing the earth and moon, respect ively, willthus be carried around the object representing the sun. Furthermore, itwill be perceived that the arm J, during the movement of the arm (Jaround its center, will move around the post F as a center, owing to theengagement of the fixed gear B with one end of the train I) D and of theengagement of the other end of this train with the gear II on the sleeveG, on the latter of which the arm J is mounted. Consequently the globesI and Q, which are mounted on opposite ends of the arm J, will move inseparate orbits about the post F as a center, while they also move inlarger orbits about an object representing the sun, it being understoodthat the arm J is eccentrically mounted on its bearin gs, the globerepresenting the moon being at or near the outer end of the longer partof the arm J and the globe representing the earth being at or near theouter end of the shorter part of the said arm. The globe representingthe moon is thus made to move in an orbit about the globe representingthe earth, while both the said globes are moving in orbits about anobject representing the sun, and the moon is thus moved between theobjects representing the sun and the earth. Neither the globerepresenting the earth nor the one representing the moon, therefore,inovesin a true orbit about the object representing the sun, for whilemoving in that orbit they also move in smaller orbits about a commoncenter traveling with them in the larger orbit, and during all this timethe part representing the axis of the earth is inclined in the samedirection; also, owing to the fact that the globe representing the moonis rigidly mounted on a rotary shaft, and to the engagement of themitered gears I N and L N, respectively, applied and arranged as alreadydescribed, the same face or hemisphere of the globe representing themoon is always toward the object representing the sun, and hence, asthis is the bright side or face of that globe, it is sometimes presentedto the globe representing the earth, and its position with relationthereto is so shifted during one orbital movement about the objectrepresenting the sun as to exhibit or illustrate all the moons phases,whether full, half, or quarter, or other portion of the bright side bevisible from the earth. While the relative positions of the sun, moon,aml earth are thus illustrated in such manner as to indicate the monthlyobscuration, or partial obscuration, of the moon from night to nightduring each month with suflicient accuracy to explain that phenomenonmechanically, it will also be observed that the variable distancebetween the earth and the sun is exhibited, and that the inclination ofthe earths axis is preserved during all these movements.

I would regard belts or chains and pulleys as the equivalents of thegearing herein described for the purpose set forth; but I do not hereintend to claim, broadly, the combination of gearing with the arms andglobes ot apparatus for illustrating mechanically the movements of theheavenly bodies, as I am aware that gearing of various kinds hasheretofore been used for that purpose in such instruments.

The kind, size, and arrangement of the gearing necessary to accomplishthe results herein described can easily be determined upon by thoseskilled in the art after my explanation of the nature and object of myinvention.

The inclination of the axis of the globe Q enables me to illustrate thedifferent positions of the earth with relation to the sun, and resnlting in the different seasons of the year.

I am aware, however, that the axis has heretofore been so inclined, andI do not, therefore, here intend to claim such inclination broadly, butthe means employed and herein described for keeping the inclination inthe same direction during the movement about the central object.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

The combination, in a tellurian, of the arm J, turning on a bearingbetween its ends, the globe P, representing the earth, and mounted on aninclined rotary axis carried on or near the outer end of the short armor part of the arm J, and the globe Q, representing the moon, and havingone-half its surface darkened and the other half bright, and mounted ona rotary arm or spindle carried on the other end of the arm J, all inconnection with gearing for rotating the said axis and the said spindleduring the rotation of the arm J on its bearing, and for keeping thebright side of the globe Q always toward a fixed point during the saidrotations, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

THOMAS MODONOUGH.

Witnesses:

F. F. WARNER, Geo. G. BELLOWS.

